TRAVEL HEALTH
& VACCINATIONS

Prepare for a healthy trip by learning about recommended vaccinations, destination-specific health guidance, medications, and travel wellness tips before you depart.

Explore Travel Health Tips

Before You Travel

Travel Health Quick Facts

A little preparation before departure can help your family stay healthy, manage medications properly, and respond more confidently if an illness or medical concern occurs during your trip.

Begin Planning Early

Review destination health information several weeks before departure. Some recommended vaccines require more than one dose or time to become fully effective.

Review Routine Vaccinations

Travelers should make sure routine vaccinations are current. Your healthcare provider can help determine whether additional protection is recommended for your destination.

Check Destination Requirements

Entry requirements and health recommendations vary by country and may depend on your itinerary, trip length, planned activities, and recent travel history.

Pack Medications Carefully

Carry prescription medications in their original labeled containers. Pack them in your carry-on bag and bring enough for the trip plus a reasonable supply for unexpected delays.

Protect Against Insects

Mosquitoes and ticks can spread illnesses in some destinations. Use an appropriate insect repellent and follow destination-specific prevention guidance.

Consider Medical Coverage

Domestic health insurance may provide limited or no coverage outside the United States. Review your benefits and consider travel protection with emergency medical coverage.

Important: Travel health recommendations can change. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional and verify current guidance for your specific destination before traveling.

Prepare Before You Go

Why Travel Health Matters

Travel can expose your family to different climates, foods, insects, illnesses, and healthcare systems. Planning ahead can reduce avoidable health risks and help you respond more confidently when something unexpected happens away from home.

Healthy Travel Begins Before Departure

Most vacations are completed without a serious health problem. However, even a minor illness can interrupt an itinerary, create unexpected expenses, or make it difficult to enjoy a long-awaited trip.

Travel health preparation includes reviewing routine vaccinations, checking destination-specific guidance, organizing medications, understanding local health risks, and knowing how you would obtain medical care if needed.

These precautions are especially important for international travel, cruises, adventure activities, remote destinations, and trips involving travelers with chronic medical conditions.

Health Risks Vary by Destination

Climate, altitude, insects, sanitation, available medical care, and local disease activity can differ significantly from one destination to another.

Medical Care May Work Differently

Travelers may be required to pay for treatment upfront, travel a long distance for care, or arrange medical transportation when adequate services are not available nearby.

Preparation Protects Your Itinerary

Carrying needed medications, prevention supplies, health information, and appropriate travel protection can reduce disruptions and make emergencies easier to manage.

Remember: Travel health advice should be personalized. Your destination, activities, age, medical history, medications, and vaccination record may all affect the recommendations you receive.

Check Your Records

Routine Vaccinations to Review

Before considering destination-specific travel vaccines, make sure each traveler is current on the routine vaccinations recommended for their age, health history, and individual risk factors.

Why Routine Vaccines Matter During Travel

Diseases that may be uncommon at home can still circulate in other communities and countries. Airports, cruise ships, resorts, tours, public transportation, and crowded attractions can also bring travelers into close contact with people from many different places. Reviewing your vaccination record before departure helps identify missing doses and boosters while there is still time to receive them.

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

Review your MMR vaccination status before international travel. Measles remains a concern in many parts of the world and can spread rapidly in airports, hotels, ships, and other crowded settings.

Tetanus, Diphtheria and Pertussis

Ask whether you are due for a Td or Tdap booster. Staying current is especially important when travel includes outdoor activities, animal encounters, or situations where cuts and injuries could occur.

Seasonal Influenza

Flu circulates at different times around the world. Vaccination may reduce the risk of becoming ill during flights, cruises, tours, and other activities involving close contact with large groups.

Chickenpox

Travelers without evidence of immunity to chickenpox should discuss varicella vaccination with a healthcare professional, particularly before international or group travel.

Polio

Most U.S. travelers were vaccinated during childhood, but some destinations may require additional review or a booster depending on current public-health guidance and the traveler's vaccination history.

Age- and Health-Based Vaccinations

Depending on age and medical history, a provider may also review vaccines such as COVID-19, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, meningococcal, pneumococcal, shingles, or other routinely recommended vaccines.

What to Discuss With Your Healthcare Provider

Your destination and complete itinerary
Your departure date and length of travel
Your routine vaccination record
Any allergies or previous vaccine reactions
Pregnancy, immune conditions, or chronic illness
Planned activities and possible exposure risks

Important: This list is a general planning guide, not a personalized vaccination schedule. Recommendations differ by age, health history, prior doses, destination, and current public-health guidance. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before traveling.

Know Before You Go

Destination-Specific Vaccinations

Vaccination recommendations are not the same for every trip. Your destination, itinerary, accommodations, activities, travel season, health history, and length of stay can all affect which vaccines a healthcare professional may recommend.

Your Complete Itinerary Matters

Recommendations may differ for travelers visiting neighboring countries, rural areas, large cities, resorts, cruise ports, or remote communities. A brief port visit may involve different risks than an extended stay with local transportation and overnight travel.

Share every country on your itinerary with your healthcare provider, including airport connections, border crossings, pre-cruise stays, post-cruise stays, and organized excursions.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A can spread through contaminated food or water. It may be recommended for unvaccinated travelers visiting destinations where exposure is more likely.

Risk may be affected by: local sanitation, dining conditions, length of stay, and travel outside traditional tourist areas.

Typhoid

Typhoid fever is generally associated with contaminated food and water. Vaccination may be considered for travelers visiting destinations where typhoid occurs.

Risk may be affected by: smaller cities, rural travel, longer stays, local food exposure, and visits with friends or relatives.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever vaccination may be recommended for travel to certain areas where the disease is present. Some countries may also require proof of vaccination based on where a traveler has recently visited or transited.

Important: vaccination must be evaluated carefully because eligibility and recommendations can depend on age, health conditions, destination, and exposure risk.

Meningococcal Disease

Meningococcal vaccination may be recommended for travel to certain regions or required for participation in particular international events or pilgrimages.

Risk may be affected by: destination, season, crowding, close-contact settings, accommodations, and current entry requirements.

Rabies

Pre-travel rabies vaccination may be considered when travelers could have contact with dogs, bats, or other mammals, especially where prompt medical treatment may be difficult to obtain.

Risk may be affected by: animal-related work, outdoor activities, remote travel, younger travelers, and access to emergency treatment.

Other Destination-Based Vaccines

Depending on the itinerary, a healthcare professional may also review vaccines for hepatitis B, polio, Japanese encephalitis, cholera, tick-borne encephalitis, or other destination-related health concerns.

Do not assume every traveler needs every vaccine. Recommendations must be matched to the traveler and the actual itinerary.

What Determines Your Recommendations?

A travel-health professional may consider all of the following before making an individualized recommendation.

Every country and region on your itinerary
Your departure date and total trip length
Urban, resort, rural, or remote travel
Cruise ports, excursions, and overnight stays
Food, animal, outdoor, or water exposure
Your age, health history, and medications
Your previous vaccinations and boosters
Current outbreaks and entry requirements
Required

Needed for Entry or Transit

A required vaccination is connected to a country's entry, transit, or public-health rules. Travelers may need to present acceptable documentation. Requirements can depend on recent travel history and may change.

Recommended

Advised for Personal Protection

A recommended vaccination may not be required at the border, but a healthcare professional may advise it based on the risk of disease, the planned itinerary, and the traveler's individual circumstances.

Check Current Guidance for Your Destination

Use official destination resources when preparing for your healthcare appointment. Recheck the information shortly before departure because recommendations, outbreaks, and entry rules can change.

CDC Destination Guidance WHO Travel Advice

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Vaccine recommendations and requirements can change and may not be appropriate for every traveler. Consult a qualified healthcare professional or travel-medicine specialist for personalized guidance.

Prevent Insect Bites

Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquitoes can transmit illnesses in many tropical, subtropical, and warm-weather destinations. The level of risk can vary by country, region, season, elevation, current disease activity, and the activities included in your itinerary.

Mosquito Protection Is Part of Travel Planning

Mosquito-borne illnesses are not limited to remote jungles or rural villages. Exposure may occur near cities, resorts, cruise ports, beaches, parks, gardens, and outdoor attractions.

Some mosquitoes bite primarily during the daytime, while others are more active from evening through morning. Travelers should use protection throughout the day rather than relying on precautions only after sunset.

Dengue

Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical destinations. Infected mosquitoes often bite during daylight hours, although exposure can occur at other times.

Possible symptoms: fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle or joint pain, nausea, and rash.

Chikungunya

Chikungunya is found in parts of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and other regions. The mosquitoes that spread it commonly bite during the daytime.

Possible symptoms: fever, significant joint pain, headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and rash.

Zika

Zika can be spread through mosquito bites and may also be transmitted through sexual contact. Many infected people have no symptoms or experience only mild illness.

Pregnancy consideration: Zika infection during pregnancy can create serious risks for the developing baby. Travelers who are pregnant or planning pregnancy should review current guidance with a healthcare professional.

Malaria

Malaria occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and the Pacific. Risk can vary considerably within the same country.

Prevention may include: prescription antimalarial medication combined with careful mosquito-bite prevention.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever occurs in certain tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. Vaccination may be recommended, and some countries require acceptable proof of vaccination for entry or transit.

Important: travelers should review both medical recommendations and country entry requirements.

Other Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Depending on the destination, mosquitoes may also transmit Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus, and other regional infections.

Risk may depend on: season, rural exposure, length of stay, outdoor activity, accommodations, and current outbreaks.

How to Reduce Mosquito Bites

Use several protective measures together, and continue following the product directions throughout your trip.

Use EPA-Registered Repellent

Select an insect repellent with an appropriate active ingredient and apply it according to the label instructions.

Apply Sunscreen First

When using both products, apply sunscreen first and insect repellent afterward. Reapply each product as directed.

Cover Exposed Skin

Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and closed shoes when practical, particularly in higher-risk areas.

Treat Clothing and Gear

Consider clothing, luggage, boots, and outdoor gear treated with permethrin. Do not apply permethrin products directly to skin.

Choose Protected Accommodations

Stay in rooms with air conditioning or intact window and door screens whenever possible.

Use a Mosquito Net When Needed

Sleep under a properly installed mosquito net when accommodations are open to the outdoors or lack adequate screens.

Protect Infants and Children

Follow age-specific product directions and use mosquito netting over strollers, carriers, and sleeping areas when appropriate.

Continue Protection After Travel

Follow current health guidance after returning home, especially when coming from an area with dengue, chikungunya, or Zika.

Malaria Planning

Medication Must Match the Destination

Malaria recommendations can differ by country, region, elevation, travel season, and known drug resistance.

A healthcare professional may prescribe preventive medication based on the traveler and itinerary. Some medications must be started before arrival, taken consistently during travel, and continued after leaving the malaria-risk area.

Do not wait until the trip begins. Bring the complete itinerary to your appointment and allow enough time to obtain and begin the medication as directed.

Antimalarial medication does not replace insect protection. Travelers must continue taking precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

Check Current Destination Guidance

Mosquito-borne disease activity and prevention recommendations can change. Review official guidance for every destination shortly before departure.

CDC Destination Guidance CDC Bite Prevention

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Disease risks, vaccine recommendations, pregnancy guidance, and malaria medication needs vary by traveler and itinerary. Consult a qualified healthcare professional or travel-medicine specialist for personalized guidance.

Pack and Plan Carefully

Traveling with Prescription Medications

Preparing medications before departure can help prevent missed doses, airport delays, customs problems, and difficulty replacing medicine while away from home.

Medication Rules Can Change Across Borders

A prescription that is legal and commonly used in the United States may be restricted, controlled, or prohibited in another country. Rules may also apply when merely connecting through an airport or crossing a border during an excursion.

Before departure, verify the rules for every destination and transit country. Contact the appropriate embassy or consulate when official information is unclear or when traveling with a controlled medication.

Use Original Labeled Containers

Keep prescription medications in the pharmacy-labeled containers in which they were dispensed. The label should clearly identify the traveler, medication, dosage, and prescribing provider.

Avoid relying only on pill organizers. Loose or unidentified tablets may create questions during customs or security screening.

Bring Enough for the Entire Trip

Pack a sufficient supply for every scheduled dose and include a reasonable additional amount for flight cancellations, weather disruptions, illness, or other unexpected delays.

Request refills early because insurance plans and pharmacies may have restrictions on how soon a prescription can be renewed.

Carry Copies of Your Prescriptions

Bring a written list or copy of each prescription showing both the brand name and the generic medication name, exact dosage, and prescribing instructions.

Keep a second copy in a secure digital location or with a trusted person at home in case the original is lost.

Ask for a Provider Letter

A signed letter may be helpful when traveling with injectable medicine, needles, controlled substances, refrigerated products, medical devices, or an unusually large supply.

The letter should explain the medical need without including more personal health information than necessary.

Verify International Restrictions

Pay particular attention to narcotic pain medicine, stimulant medication, sedatives, sleeping medication, anti-anxiety medication, medical cannabis products, and other controlled drugs.

Some countries limit the quantity permitted or require advance approval, translated documents, or a government-issued permit.

Do Not Plan on Replacing Medicine Abroad

A familiar medication may be unavailable, sold under a different name, offered in another strength, or require evaluation by a local physician.

Purchasing medication from an unreliable source may also expose travelers to counterfeit, contaminated, expired, or incorrectly labeled products.

Medication Travel Checklist

Organize these items before leaving home and keep important documents accessible during the trip.

Original pharmacy-labeled medication containers
Enough medication for the trip plus possible delays
Copies of prescriptions with generic medication names
Prescribing provider and pharmacy contact information
Provider letter for special medications or supplies
Copies of any required permits or approvals
Travel insurance and emergency-assistance information
A secure backup copy of your medication list
Airport Screening

Liquid Medicine and Medical Supplies

Medically necessary liquids, gels, creams, and aerosols may be screened differently from ordinary toiletries.

Medically necessary liquids may be carried in reasonable quantities greater than the standard 3.4-ounce or 100-milliliter limit. Tell the TSA officer about these items at the beginning of the screening process and keep them accessible for inspection.

Separate the items when requested. Medication, cooling packs, syringes, pumps, auto-injectors, and related supplies may require additional screening.

Security rules at airports outside the United States may differ. Review the requirements of the departure airport, connecting airports, airline, and destination country.

Temperature Control

Refrigerated or Heat-Sensitive Medicine

Ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for the approved temperature range and how long the medication can safely remain outside that range.

Use an appropriate insulated medication case and cooling supplies. Do not allow medicine to freeze or place it directly against ice unless the manufacturer specifically permits it.

Time Changes

Adjusting Doses Across Time Zones

Changing time zones can complicate medications that must be taken at exact intervals, with meals, at bedtime, or at a consistent local time.

Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for a written dosing plan before travel. Do not independently skip, double, or substantially change a dose to match the new time zone.

Verify the Rules Before Departure

Medication restrictions and screening procedures can change. Check official information for every destination and transit country before traveling.

CDC Medication Guidance State Department Guidance TSA Medical Screening

Medical and legal disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical or legal advice. Medication laws, quantity limits, documentation requirements, and airport procedures vary by destination and can change. Consult your healthcare provider, pharmacist, airline, and the appropriate embassy or consulate before traveling.

Pack for the Unexpected

Travel Health Kit Checklist

A thoughtfully prepared travel health kit can help your family manage minor illnesses, small injuries, routine medical needs, and unexpected travel delays without having to search for unfamiliar products away from home.

Build a Kit for Your Actual Trip

There is no single health kit that works for every traveler. The supplies you need depend on your destination, activities, trip length, accommodations, medical conditions, age of each traveler, and access to pharmacies or healthcare.

Start with basic first-aid and personal-care supplies, then add prescription medicine, destination-specific prevention items, and anything your family may have difficulty finding while traveling.

Prescription and Personal Medications

  • Prescription medications for the entire trip, plus extra for possible delays
  • Original pharmacy-labeled medication containers
  • Copies of prescriptions using generic medication names
  • Inhalers, insulin, epinephrine auto-injectors, or other emergency medication
  • Needles, syringes, test strips, pumps, or related medical supplies
  • Written medication schedule for time-zone changes when needed

Basic First-Aid Supplies

  • Adhesive bandages in several sizes
  • Sterile gauze pads and medical tape
  • Antiseptic wipes or wound-cleaning supplies
  • Antibiotic ointment when medically appropriate
  • Elastic wrap or support bandage
  • Tweezers and small blunt-tip scissors
  • Disposable medical gloves
  • Digital thermometer

Over-the-Counter Medicines

  • Pain and fever medicine appropriate for each traveler
  • Antihistamine for minor allergic symptoms
  • Motion-sickness medicine when appropriate
  • Anti-diarrheal medicine when medically appropriate
  • Oral rehydration salts or electrolyte packets
  • Antacid or heartburn medication
  • Constipation medicine when needed
  • Cold, cough, or sore-throat products appropriate for the traveler

Sun, Heat and Insect Protection

  • Broad-spectrum sunscreen
  • Lip balm with sun protection
  • After-sun lotion or aloe gel
  • EPA-registered insect repellent
  • Permethrin-treated clothing or gear when appropriate
  • Insect-bite relief cream or lotion
  • Reusable water bottle
  • Electrolyte replacement products

Hygiene and Personal-Care Items

  • Hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol
  • Disinfecting wipes
  • Soap or travel-size handwashing supplies
  • Face coverings when needed or preferred
  • Menstrual products and other personal-care supplies
  • Spare eyeglasses, contact lenses, solution, and eye drops
  • Tissues and resealable disposal bags

Documents and Emergency Information

  • Health-insurance identification card
  • Travel-insurance and assistance contact information
  • Current medication and allergy list
  • Healthcare provider and pharmacy contact information
  • Emergency contact details
  • Vaccination documentation when required
  • Provider letter for medications, devices, or medical conditions when appropriate

Add Supplies Based on Your Itinerary

Review your planned activities and destination conditions. Some travelers may need additional supplies beyond a standard first-aid kit.

Water-disinfection tablets or a suitable filtration system
Altitude medication prescribed by a healthcare provider
Prescription malaria-prevention medication
Sea-sickness supplies for cruises or boat excursions
Blister treatment for walking or hiking trips
Waterproof wound coverings for swimming activities
Cooling case for temperature-sensitive medication
Additional supplies for remote or adventure travel
Carry-On Bag

Keep Essential Items Accessible

These items should remain with you during flights, transfers, and unexpected delays.

  • All essential prescription medications
  • Emergency medicines and medical devices
  • One or two days of basic first-aid supplies
  • Copies of prescriptions and provider letters
  • Insurance and emergency contact information
  • Any item that cannot be quickly replaced
Checked Luggage

Pack Nonessential Backup Supplies

Larger quantities and replaceable items may be packed in checked luggage when airline and security rules permit.

  • Backup bandages and wound-care supplies
  • Extra sunscreen and insect repellent
  • Additional hygiene products
  • Nonessential duplicate supplies
  • Bulky items not immediately needed in transit
  • Items protected from leakage or damage

Create Your Personalized Packing List

Review official destination guidance and discuss your kit with a healthcare professional when you have ongoing medical needs, are visiting a remote destination, or are planning higher-risk activities.

CDC Pack Smart Guidance

Medical disclaimer: This checklist is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Medicines and supplies may not be safe or appropriate for every traveler. Ask a qualified healthcare professional or pharmacist which products, dosages, and emergency supplies are suitable for you and your family.

Eat and Drink Carefully

Food & Water Safety

Trying local food can be one of the most enjoyable parts of travel. Choosing food and drinks carefully can reduce the risk of traveler’s diarrhea and other illnesses that could interrupt your vacation.

Food Safety Is Not Always Visible

Food or water can look, smell, and taste normal while still containing bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. Risk can be affected by food handling, refrigeration, cooking temperature, sanitation, and the local water supply.

Travelers should be especially cautious when clean water, dependable refrigeration, or consistent food-handling standards may not be available.

Generally Safer Choices

Foods and Drinks to Consider

These choices may reduce exposure when food and water sanitation is uncertain.

  • Food cooked thoroughly and served steaming hot
  • Dry or packaged foods such as bread and crackers
  • Fruit that you wash with safe water and peel yourself
  • Pasteurized milk, cheese, and other dairy products
  • Factory-sealed bottled or canned water and other beverages
  • Hot coffee or tea made with water that has been properly boiled
Use Extra Caution

Foods and Drinks That May Carry More Risk

Risk depends on the destination and how an item was prepared, stored, and handled.

  • Raw or undercooked meat, seafood, eggs, or shellfish
  • Food that is lukewarm or has been sitting on a buffet
  • Raw salads, garnishes, and unpeeled fruits or vegetables
  • Unpasteurized milk, cheese, juice, or other products
  • Tap water or fountain drinks where water safety is uncertain
  • Ice unless you know it was made from safe water
Water Safety

Clear Water Is Not Always Safe Water

Unsafe water may contain harmful organisms even when it looks clean. Know the source of water used for drinking, ice, brushing teeth, food preparation, and infant formula.

  • Choose unopened, factory-sealed bottled water where tap-water safety is uncertain.
  • Check the cap or seal before drinking from a purchased bottle.
  • Use safe water for drinking, making ice, brushing teeth, and preparing food or formula.
  • Avoid swallowing water while swimming, bathing, or participating in water activities.
  • When bottled water is unavailable, use an appropriate boiling, filtration, chemical, or ultraviolet treatment method.
  • Remember that some portable filters do not remove every type of virus, bacterium, or parasite.

Common Travel Dining Situations

Good decisions may vary by destination, but these practical precautions can help when choosing where and what to eat.

Buffets

Choose food that is visibly hot or properly chilled. Avoid dishes that appear to have been sitting at room temperature for an extended period.

Street Food

Look for busy vendors who cook food to order, maintain clean work areas, and serve food immediately while it is still hot.

Resorts and Cruise Ports

Do not assume every location follows the same standards. Use the same precautions during excursions and visits away from the resort or ship.

Fresh Produce

Select fruit you can peel yourself. Avoid raw produce that may have been washed in unsafe water when sanitation is uncertain.

Wash Before Eating

Wash hands with soap and safe water before eating and before preparing or handling food.

Carry Hand Sanitizer

When soap and water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol.

Keep Children Supervised

Help younger travelers avoid unsafe drinks, unwashed produce, and placing unclean hands or objects in their mouths.

Review Food and Water Guidance Before Travel

Conditions differ by destination and can change following outbreaks, storms, flooding, or interruptions to local utilities. Review current official guidance shortly before departure.

CDC Food & Drink Safety CDC Water Guidance

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Food and water risks vary by destination, traveler, and current local conditions. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized recommendations and treatment guidance.

Feel Better in the Air

Staying Healthy on Flights

A little preparation can make air travel more comfortable and help reduce common problems such as stiffness, fatigue, ear pressure, medication disruptions, and exposure to respiratory illness.

Plan for the Entire Travel Day

The time spent sitting on the aircraft is only part of the journey. Long drives to the airport, security lines, terminal waits, connections, and ground transportation can add many hours to the travel day.

Wear comfortable clothing, keep medications and health supplies accessible, and allow time for meals, movement, restroom breaks, and any medical assistance you may need.

Keep Your Body Moving

Remaining still for extended periods can cause stiffness and may contribute to blood-clot risk. Change position regularly and avoid placing bags where they prevent normal leg movement.

When practical: choose an aisle seat, stand or walk occasionally, and perform simple seated leg exercises.

Drink Fluids Regularly

Keep water accessible and drink according to your usual needs. Travelers may notice dry eyes, dry skin, or throat discomfort in the low-humidity cabin environment.

Limit excessive alcohol because it can affect sleep, balance, judgment, and how you feel during and after the flight.

Reduce Respiratory Exposure

Airports, boarding areas, security lines, and aircraft cabins place many people in shared indoor spaces. Stay current on recommended vaccinations and use good hand and respiratory hygiene.

A well-fitting mask can provide additional protection, especially during outbreaks, crowded travel periods, or when you or a family member has an increased risk of severe illness.

Keep Medicine Accessible

Pack essential prescription medications, emergency medicines, and necessary medical devices in your carry-on bag rather than checked luggage.

Follow your regular dosing schedule or a time-zone adjustment plan provided by your healthcare professional. Do not skip or double a dose without appropriate guidance.

Choose Comfortable Clothing

Wear loose, comfortable layers and shoes that allow for normal circulation and minor swelling. Cabin temperatures can change throughout the flight.

Travelers advised to wear medical compression stockings should use the correct size and follow their healthcare provider’s instructions.

Support Rest and Sleep

An eye mask, neck support, earplugs, and a comfortable layer can make rest easier. Adjust your watch and daily routine toward the destination time when appropriate.

Avoid trying an unfamiliar sleep medication for the first time on a flight. Discuss sleep aids and jet-lag strategies with a healthcare professional.

Simple Seated Movement

These small movements may help reduce stiffness when you must remain seated. Stop if an exercise causes pain, dizziness, or other unusual symptoms.

Heel Raises

Keep your toes on the floor and slowly raise and lower your heels.

Toe Raises

Keep your heels on the floor and slowly raise and lower your toes.

Ankle Circles

Lift one foot slightly and gently rotate the ankle in both directions.

Leg Position Changes

Uncross your legs and regularly adjust your seated position.

Takeoff and Landing

Managing Ear and Sinus Pressure

Cabin-pressure changes are usually most noticeable during ascent and descent, particularly when a traveler has nasal congestion or difficulty equalizing pressure.

  • Swallow, yawn, or chew gum during takeoff and landing.
  • Sip a drink during descent rather than sleeping through the pressure change.
  • Encourage children to swallow; infants may nurse or use a bottle when appropriate.
  • Ask a healthcare professional before using a decongestant, especially for children or travelers with heart, blood-pressure, prostate, pregnancy, or medication concerns.
  • Seek medical advice before flying when you have severe ear pain, a recent ear procedure, or a significant sinus or ear condition.
Before Boarding

Prepare for the Flight

  • Eat a familiar meal or snack
  • Refill your water bottle after security
  • Use the restroom before boarding
  • Keep medicine and documents accessible
  • Confirm assistance or mobility arrangements
During the Flight

Maintain Healthy Habits

  • Change position regularly
  • Perform seated leg movements
  • Walk when safe and permitted
  • Clean hands before eating
  • Follow your medication schedule
After Arrival

Help Your Body Adjust

  • Walk and gently stretch
  • Continue drinking fluids normally
  • Eat according to local time
  • Seek daylight when appropriate
  • Watch for unusual health symptoms

Review Air-Travel Health Guidance

Travelers with heart or lung disease, a history of blood clots, recent surgery, pregnancy, mobility limitations, or other significant medical concerns should discuss flight plans with a qualified healthcare professional.

CDC Air Travel Guidance CDC Blood Clot Guidance

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Air-travel risks and recommended precautions vary by traveler, medical history, medication, flight length, and itinerary. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance.

Plan for Every Generation

Traveling with Children & Seniors

Children and older adults can enjoy safe, comfortable travel with thoughtful preparation. Health needs, energy levels, medications, mobility, food, rest, and access to care should all be considered when planning the itinerary.

Plan Around the Traveler, Not Just the Destination

A schedule that works well for one family member may be exhausting or impractical for another. Allow time for meals, medication, restroom stops, naps, mobility assistance, weather conditions, and recovery between activities.

Share the complete itinerary with the traveler’s healthcare provider, including flights, cruise ports, excursions, altitude, climate, rural travel, and the expected level of physical activity.

Traveling with Children

Keep Routines Familiar and Safety Focused

Children may become tired, dehydrated, overstimulated, or ill more quickly than adults and may not clearly describe their symptoms.

  • Review Vaccinations Early

    Confirm routine and destination-specific vaccines with the child’s healthcare provider. Some vaccines may need to be given earlier than the usual childhood schedule.

  • Pack Child-Specific Medicine

    Bring medicines and measuring devices appropriate for the child’s age and weight. Do not estimate adult doses or rely on finding familiar products abroad.

  • Prevent Dehydration

    Offer safe fluids regularly, especially during hot weather, long travel days, diarrhea, vomiting, or active excursions.

  • Protect Against Sun and Insects

    Use age-appropriate sunscreen, protective clothing, shade, mosquito netting, and insect repellent according to product directions.

  • Bring Familiar Food and Comfort Items

    Pack suitable snacks, feeding supplies, comfort items, spare clothing, diapers, wipes, and other essentials needed during delays.

  • Supervise Water and Transportation Safety

    Use age-appropriate restraints, life jackets, close water supervision, and safe transportation arrangements throughout the trip.

Traveling with Seniors

Plan for Comfort, Mobility and Medical Needs

Age alone does not determine whether a person can travel, but chronic conditions, medication schedules, stamina, balance, vision, hearing, and mobility may require additional planning.

  • Schedule a Pre-Travel Health Review

    Discuss the itinerary, vaccinations, chronic conditions, recent procedures, medication interactions, and physical demands with a healthcare professional.

  • Carry Extra Medication

    Bring enough prescription medicine for the entire trip plus possible delays. Keep essential medicine in carry-on luggage.

  • Arrange Mobility Assistance

    Request airport, cruise-terminal, wheelchair, or boarding assistance in advance rather than waiting until arrival.

  • Reduce Fall Risk

    Wear stable footwear, use prescribed mobility devices, allow extra time, and be cautious on stairs, uneven streets, wet surfaces, and moving vessels.

  • Watch Heat and Hydration

    Older adults may be more vulnerable to heat-related illness. Schedule breaks, seek shade, and follow any provider-directed fluid restrictions.

  • Plan Access to Medical Care

    Identify medical facilities, insurance procedures, emergency contacts, and evacuation options before leaving home.

Family Health Preparation Checklist

Organize these details before departure and keep important information accessible to the responsible adults traveling with the group.

Routine and destination-specific vaccinations reviewed
Enough prescription medication for the trip and delays
Medication, allergy, and medical-condition list
Copies of prescriptions and provider contact information
Travel insurance and emergency-assistance information
Mobility, dietary, sensory, and accessibility needs arranged
Child restraints, car seats, or booster seats planned
Emergency contacts shared with all responsible adults
Medication Safety

Prevent Dosing and Storage Problems

Children and older adults may require precise dosing, special storage, multiple medications, or assistance following a schedule.

  • Keep medications in their original, pharmacy-labeled containers.
  • Use the correct measuring syringe, cup, or dosing device for liquid medicine.
  • Ask how to adjust medication times when crossing time zones.
  • Store all medication where children cannot reach or access it.
  • Follow manufacturer guidance for medicines requiring refrigeration or protection from heat.
  • Carry emergency medicine such as inhalers or epinephrine where it can be reached immediately.

Maintain Meals and Rest

Schedule familiar meals, snacks, naps, medication times, and quieter periods. Avoid allowing hunger or fatigue to build before taking a break.

Slow Down the Itinerary

Allow extra time for boarding, walking, restrooms, security, transfers, elevators, medical equipment, and unexpected delays.

Monitor Changes Early

Watch for unusual fatigue, confusion, irritability, poor appetite, dizziness, decreased urination, breathing problems, or difficulty keeping up with normal activity.

Identification and Separation Planning

Place contact information on or inside a child’s belongings and teach older children what to do if separated from the group.

Carry recent photos and copies of important documents. Choose a recognizable meeting location in airports, cruise terminals, resorts, and attractions.

Medical and Accessibility Information

Carry a written card listing important conditions, allergies, medications, emergency contacts, and communication or accessibility needs.

Consider medical identification jewelry for travelers with serious allergies, diabetes, seizure disorders, dementia, or other conditions that may affect emergency treatment.

Review Guidance for Every Traveler

Health recommendations should be based on the traveler’s age, medical history, destination, trip length, planned activities, and access to healthcare.

CDC Children’s Guidance CDC Older Adult Guidance Healthcare During Travel

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general travel planning and is not medical advice. Health, vaccination, medication, mobility, and safety recommendations vary by traveler and itinerary. Consult the appropriate pediatrician, healthcare professional, pharmacist, or travel-medicine specialist for personalized guidance.

Common Travel Health Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Travel health recommendations vary by destination and traveler. These answers provide a practical starting point for preparing for a safer, healthier trip.

Important Reminder

Every Traveler Is Different

Recommendations may depend on your destination, age, vaccination history, medical conditions, medications, pregnancy status, planned activities, accommodations, and length of travel.

Use this page for planning—not diagnosis or treatment. A qualified healthcare professional or travel-medicine specialist should provide personalized medical advice.

When should I schedule a pre-travel health appointment?

Schedule the appointment as early as practical, preferably several weeks before departure. Some vaccines require multiple doses or time for the body to develop protection, and certain medications must be started before arrival at the destination.

A last-minute appointment can still be helpful. A healthcare professional may be able to prioritize vaccines, prescribe medication, review current health concerns, and recommend practical precautions even when departure is near.

Do I need vaccines for every international trip?

Not every destination requires special travel vaccines, but all travelers should review their routine vaccinations before departure. Additional vaccines may be recommended or required according to the country, itinerary, season, activities, and traveler’s health history.

Requirements and recommendations are not the same. A vaccine may be medically recommended even when it is not legally required for entry.

Are routine vaccinations really part of travel preparation?

Yes. Routine vaccines protect against illnesses that may circulate at home and abroad. International travel can also increase exposure through airports, aircraft, cruise ships, tours, crowded attractions, and contact with travelers from many locations.

Review your vaccination record with a healthcare professional and determine whether any routine doses or boosters are due.

Where can I find vaccine recommendations for my destination?

Start with the CDC Travelers’ Health destination pages, which provide country-specific information about vaccines, mosquito-borne diseases, food and water risks, current notices, and other health concerns.

Entry requirements should also be verified with the destination’s official government, embassy, or consulate because requirements can change and may depend on countries visited before arrival.

Can I travel with prescription medication?

Usually, but medication laws vary by country. A medicine that is commonly prescribed in the United States may be restricted, controlled, or prohibited elsewhere.

  • Keep medicine in its original pharmacy-labeled container.
  • Carry essential medicine in your hand luggage.
  • Bring enough for the trip plus possible delays.
  • Carry copies of prescriptions using generic drug names.
  • Verify the rules for every destination and transit country.
Should prescription medication go in checked luggage?

Essential medication should generally remain in your carry-on bag. Checked luggage can be delayed, lost, damaged, exposed to extreme temperatures, or unavailable during a long connection.

Keep emergency medicines, medical devices, provider letters, and important health documents accessible throughout the travel day.

Can medically necessary liquids pass through airport security?

Medically necessary liquids may generally be carried in reasonable quantities greater than the standard limit. Inform the security officer about the items at the beginning of screening and keep them accessible for inspection.

Medication, syringes, cooling packs, pumps, and other medical supplies may require additional screening. Rules outside the United States may differ, so check every airport on the itinerary.

Is tap water safe to drink at my destination?

Water safety varies widely. When local tap-water safety is uncertain, use unopened factory-sealed bottled water or water that has been treated appropriately.

Remember to consider water used for ice, brushing teeth, preparing food, washing produce, mixing infant formula, and taking medication. Clear-looking water is not necessarily free of harmful organisms.

What foods are generally safer while traveling?

Choose food that is thoroughly cooked and served hot, pasteurized dairy products, dry or packaged foods, and fruit that you can wash with safe water and peel yourself.

Use extra caution with raw or undercooked meat, seafood, eggs, unpasteurized products, raw salads, cut fruit, lukewarm buffet food, and anything prepared or washed with unsafe water.

Can traveler’s diarrhea always be prevented?

No precaution can eliminate every risk, but careful food choices, safe drinking water, and good hand hygiene can reduce exposure. Carry oral rehydration supplies and ask a healthcare professional whether any medications are appropriate for your destination and medical history.

Seek medical care for bloody diarrhea, high fever, severe pain, persistent vomiting, significant dehydration, or symptoms that are severe or do not improve.

What insect repellent should I pack?

Choose an EPA-registered insect repellent containing an appropriate active ingredient and follow the product label. The best choice may depend on the traveler’s age, destination, duration of exposure, and activities.

Additional protection can include long sleeves, long pants, screened or air-conditioned accommodations, mosquito netting, and clothing or gear treated with permethrin.

Do I need malaria medication for my trip?

Malaria risk can vary within the same country and may depend on the exact region, season, accommodations, trip length, and activities. A healthcare professional should determine whether preventive medication is appropriate.

Some malaria medicines must be started before travel and continued during and after the trip. Mosquito-bite prevention remains important even when medication is prescribed.

How can I reduce health problems during a long flight?
  • Change position and move your legs regularly.
  • Walk occasionally when it is safe and permitted.
  • Drink fluids according to your usual health needs.
  • Keep medications and emergency supplies accessible.
  • Use good hand and respiratory hygiene.
  • Wear comfortable clothing and stable footwear.

Travelers with a history of blood clots, recent surgery, pregnancy, limited mobility, cancer, or other significant risk factors should ask a healthcare professional about individualized precautions.

Should I wear a mask while traveling?

A well-fitting mask can provide an additional layer of protection in crowded indoor spaces such as airports, security lines, aircraft cabins, buses, and cruise terminals.

Mask use may be especially helpful during respiratory illness outbreaks, when you have recently been exposed to illness, or when you or a family member has an increased risk of severe disease.

Are travel health recommendations different for children?

Yes. Vaccine timing, medication doses, insect-repellent use, dehydration risk, food safety, sun protection, transportation restraints, and emergency warning signs can differ by age and weight.

Review the complete itinerary with the child’s healthcare provider. Never estimate an adult medication dose for a child or rely on finding a familiar children’s product abroad.

What additional planning may older travelers need?

Older travelers may need additional planning for chronic medical conditions, medication schedules, stamina, mobility, balance, hearing, vision, heat exposure, accessibility, and access to medical care.

Arrange airport or cruise-terminal assistance in advance, allow additional rest time, carry extra medication, and identify medical facilities and insurance procedures before departure.

Does my regular health insurance cover international care?

Coverage varies significantly. Some policies provide limited or no coverage outside the United States, and many medical facilities require payment before treatment.

Contact your insurer before travel and ask specifically about international treatment, out-of-network care, prescriptions, emergency transportation, medical evacuation, and reimbursement procedures. Consider appropriate travel insurance when coverage is limited.

What should I do if I become sick during the trip?

Contact your travel insurer’s assistance service, cruise line, resort, tour operator, local healthcare provider, or emergency service according to the seriousness of the symptoms.

Bring your medication list, allergy information, health summary, insurance details, and passport identification. Do not delay emergency care while attempting to contact your regular provider at home.

When should I seek medical care after returning home?

Seek medical advice for fever, persistent diarrhea, rash, breathing problems, jaundice, unexplained swelling, unusual weakness, or any severe or worsening symptom after travel.

Tell the healthcare professional where and when you traveled, including rural areas, cruise ports, freshwater exposure, animal contact, insect bites, medical treatment received abroad, and any medications taken during the trip.

Can Our Family Travel provide medical advice?

No. Our Family Travel can help you organize travel arrangements, understand general planning considerations, locate official travel resources, and identify questions to discuss with your healthcare provider.

Medical decisions—including vaccinations, prescriptions, diagnosis, treatment, and fitness to travel—must be made with a qualified healthcare professional.

Check Current Official Guidance

Health risks, entry requirements, outbreaks, and destination recommendations can change. Review official information when planning and again shortly before departure.

CDC Destination Guide CDC Travel Notices State Department Travel

Medical disclaimer: This information is provided for general educational and travel-planning purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, vaccination advice, prescription guidance, or an individual assessment of fitness to travel. Consult a qualified healthcare professional or travel-medicine specialist for recommendations based on your health history and itinerary.

Trusted Planning Information

Helpful Travel Health Resources

Use these official resources to research destination health risks, vaccinations, medication requirements, airport screening procedures, travel advisories, insurance considerations, and current health notices.

Start with Your Exact Destination

Travel health recommendations can differ within the same country. Your needs may depend on the cities or regions you visit, time of year, trip length, accommodations, activities, transportation, and access to medical care.

Review every destination and transit country on the itinerary, including cruise ports, land-border crossings, overnight connections, and independent excursions.

Destination Health

CDC Travelers’ Health Destinations

Review destination-specific health information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • Routine and travel vaccine recommendations
  • Malaria and mosquito-borne disease information
  • Food, water, animal, and environmental risks
  • Healthy-travel packing recommendations
View CDC Destinations
Current Health Alerts

CDC Travel Health Notices

Check for current disease outbreaks, unusual health risks, and destination-specific precautions.

  • Current outbreak information
  • Recommended traveler precautions
  • Countries and regions affected
  • Guidance for higher-risk travelers
View Health Notices
Vaccination Planning

CDC Routine Vaccine Guidance

Review routine vaccinations that should be considered before domestic or international travel.

  • Routine vaccination recommendations
  • Age-based vaccination information
  • Pre-travel vaccine planning
  • Questions to discuss with a healthcare provider
Review Routine Vaccines
Safety and Entry Information

U.S. State Department Travel Information

Research destination travel advisories, entry requirements, local laws, embassy services, and safety information.

  • Country travel advisories
  • Entry and exit requirements
  • Embassy and consulate information
  • Local laws and emergency assistance
Visit Travel.State.gov
Medication Rules

State Department Medicine & Health Guidance

Learn how to prepare prescription medications and medical documentation for international travel.

  • Prescription medication restrictions
  • Original-container recommendations
  • Embassy and consulate verification
  • Medical care and health planning abroad
Review Medicine Guidance
Airport Screening

TSA Medical and Medication Guidance

Check airport-security procedures for medication, medical liquids, mobility equipment, needles, cooling supplies, and medical devices.

  • Medication screening procedures
  • Medically necessary liquid rules
  • Medical equipment and supply guidance
  • TSA Cares assistance information
View TSA Travel Tips
Global Health

World Health Organization

Review global public-health information related to international travel, disease risks, and vaccination requirements.

  • International travel-health topics
  • Global disease and outbreak information
  • Vaccination and prevention guidance
  • International public-health recommendations
Visit WHO Travel Health
Travel Preparation

International Travel Checklist

Use the State Department’s checklist to review documents, health, insurance, medication, safety, and communication planning.

  • Passport and document preparation
  • Medication and health planning
  • Insurance and emergency arrangements
  • Destination and communication preparation
View Travel Checklist
Medical Coverage

International Travel Insurance Guidance

Learn why travelers should verify medical coverage and consider protection for treatment, transportation, and evacuation abroad.

  • Overseas medical-cost considerations
  • Emergency transportation planning
  • Medical evacuation coverage
  • Questions to ask an insurance provider
Review Insurance Guidance
Emergency Communication

Smart Traveler Enrollment Program

Eligible U.S. travelers can enroll a trip with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate and receive important destination information.

  • Embassy safety and security updates
  • Emergency communication support
  • Destination-specific notifications
  • Assistance connecting during a crisis
Visit STEP
Personalized Guidance

Speak with a Healthcare Professional

Online resources are helpful for research, but they cannot evaluate your individual health history, medications, allergies, vaccine record, pregnancy status, or fitness for a specific itinerary.

Bring These Details to Your Appointment

  • Your complete itinerary and travel dates
  • Countries, cities, rural areas, and cruise ports
  • Planned activities, excursions, and accommodations
  • Your vaccination and medical history
  • Prescription and over-the-counter medication list
  • Questions about food, water, insects, altitude, or climate

Final Health-Planning Review

Complete these steps before departure and save important information where it will remain accessible during the trip.

Destination health recommendations reviewed
Current travel health notices checked
Routine and travel vaccinations discussed
Medication restrictions verified for each country
Medical and evacuation coverage confirmed
Emergency and insurance contacts saved
Health documents and prescriptions copied
Information reviewed again before departure

Our Family Travel Planning Reminder

Our Family Travel can help you locate official destination resources and organize the travel-planning process. Medical decisions, vaccinations, prescriptions, diagnosis, treatment, and fitness-to-travel determinations must be made by an appropriate healthcare professional.

Resource and medical disclaimer: External websites are maintained by their respective organizations and may be updated, moved, or changed without notice. This resource list is provided for general educational and travel-planning purposes and is not medical, legal, insurance, or governmental advice. Always verify current requirements with official authorities and qualified professionals.

Advisor Insight

Our Family Travel Tip

A healthy trip begins long before you arrive at the airport.

Do not wait until the week before departure to think about travel health.

Once your trip is booked, begin reviewing the health considerations for every destination on your itinerary. This is especially important for international travel, cruises with multiple ports, rural excursions, adventure activities, and trips involving children, older adults, pregnancy, or ongoing medical conditions.

Make a list of the questions you need to discuss with your healthcare professional, including vaccines, prescription medications, insect protection, food and water safety, mobility, allergies, and what to do if you become sick while away.

Review Early

Check health guidance as soon as your itinerary is confirmed.

Ask Questions

Bring your dates, destinations, and planned activities to your healthcare appointment.

Pack for Delays

Carry extra medication and essential health supplies in your hand luggage.

Check Again

Revisit official guidance shortly before you leave.

Keep copies of prescriptions, medical information, insurance details, emergency contacts, and important health documents where they can be reached quickly. Give a copy to another responsible adult in your travel party rather than keeping everything in one bag or on one phone.

Travel Planning and Medical Advice Are Different

Our Family Travel can help organize your itinerary and point you toward official resources. Vaccinations, prescriptions, medical treatment, and decisions about whether you are fit to travel must come from a qualified healthcare professional.

Our Family Travel

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